Jingfang Granules alleviates OVA-induced allergic rhinitis through regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Jingfang Granules (JF) is a modified herbal compound preparation that is empirically used in clinical practice for the treatment of allergic diseases. Nevertheless, the role of JF in allergic rhinitis (AR) has yet to be demonstrated, and its potential mechanisms of action remain to be fully evaluated. Aim of study: The objective of this research is to examine the underlying mechanisms by which JF can be used to treat AR. This will be achieved through the use of an ovalbumin (OVA)/aluminum hydroxide AR model in mice. Materials and methods: ICR mice were administered an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OVA/aluminium hydroxide in order to permit the establishment of an AR model. Following the intragastric administration of JF to the mice, testing nose scratching and sneezing behavior in mice to determine modeling status, and stained transverse sections of the mouse nose using the Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) method were in vitro evaluated to assess the histological effects of JF on mice with AR. The regulatory network was subjected to proteomic and metabolomic investigation. The expression of serum cytokines as well as histamine (HIS) was detected using ELISA kits. Protein expression in nasal mucosal tissues was identified through the use of a Western blot. Results: JF demonstrated a notable reduction in nose-scratching and sneezing in AR mice. Concurrently, JF markedly reduced IgE, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-alpha and HIS levels while elevating IFN-gamma levels in the serum of AR mice. This was achieved by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related protein associated proteins including GADD and ATF4, p-eIF2 alpha, p-IRE1 alpha, XBP1s and p-PERK. Proteomics, metabolomics, Western blotting and Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results confirmed that JF inhibits the glycolysis/arginine biosynthesis pathway by suppressing the ER stress (ERs) signaling pathway, which in turn inhibits the inflammatory response. Conclusion: Findings from the present study indicate that JF is an efficacious treatment for OVA/aluminum hydroxide-induced nasal mucosal injury and inflammation in mice. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that JF exhibited anti-AR clinic pharmacological effects by modulating the ERs signaling pathway and inhibiting glycolysis as well as arginine biosynthesis.