Shehata technique versus Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy in intra-abdominal testis: A meta-analysis

Introduction The management of intra-abdominal testis (IAT) represents a significant clinical challenge, necessitating the transposition of the testis from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum. This procedure is rendered complex by the abbreviated length of the testicular vessels. Objective Our purpose in this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing Shehata technique (ST) versus Fowler Stephens technique (FST) in treating patients with IAT. Study design We conducted a comprehensive literature search using several databases, including Ovid Medline, Cochrane, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, and SCOPUS until February 2024. This study included research that compared ST and FST for managing intra-abdominal testis. We evaluated the rates of atrophy and retraction, as well as the overall success rates, for both techniques. Results Six studies were identified as appropriate for meta- analysis, comparing orchidopexy performed using the ST with 169 patients, against the FST involving 162 patients. The comparison showed no statistically significant age difference at the time of surgery between the groups (I2 2 = 0%) (WMD 0.05, 95% CI- 1.24 to 1.34; p = 0.94). Operative time in first the stage was lower in the FST group than ST group (I2 2 = 95%) (WMD 10.90, 95% CI 1.94 to 19.87; p = 0.02). Operative time in the second stage was lower in the ST group than FST group (I2 2 = 83%) (WMD-6.15, 95% CI- 12.21 to-0.10; p = 0.05). Our analysis showed that ST had a similar atrophy rate (I2 2 = 0%) (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.20 to 1.01; p = 0.05). No difference was found between techniques in terms of retraction rate (I2 2 = 0%) (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.17 to 2.47; p = 0.52). The ST demonstrated a notably higher overall success rate compared to FST (I2 2 = 1%) (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.27; p = 0.009). Overall success rate in ST and FST were 87% and 74%, respectively. Overall atrophy rate in ST and FST were 5% and 12%, respectively. Overall retraction rate in ST and FST were 5% and 10%, respectively. Discussion The ST, renowned for its pioneering two-stage laparoscopic approach that leverages mechanical traction to lengthen the testicular vessels, is gaining popularity due to its recognized safety and efficacy. Conversely, the Fowler-Stephens technique, a traditional method that relies on collateral blood supply for testicular mobilization, has come under examination for its potential link to an increased risk of testicular atrophy. Conclusion This meta-analysis reveals that the Shehata technique has similar or better outcomes compared to the Fowler-Stephens technique in IAT management. Further prospective multicentric randomized controlled trials are warranted.