Analysis of the efficacy of endovascular treatment with foam sclerotherapy for pelvic congestion syndrome with ultrasound assessment

Background: Pelvic Congestion Syndrome is an important cause of pelvic pain in adult women, leading to reduced quality of life, absenteeism from work, anxiety, depression, and sexual disorders. Objectives: To evaluate the response to endovascular treatment for pelvic varicose veins using foam sclerotherapy and outline the profile of patients with this diagnosis followed up at the Hospital das Clinicas Cassiano Antonio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Brazil. Methods: Based on review of medical records, this retrospective descriptive study analyzes the profile and response of patients undergoing endovascular treatment for pelvic varicose veins by foam sclerotherapy. The variables analyzed include age, weight, height, body mass index, parity, pelvic pain complaints, ultrasound criteria comparing the diameter of pelvic vessels before and after the procedure, and presence of venous reflux on transvaginal Doppler ultrasound. Results: The sample of patients analyzed had an average age of 43.3 years old, a mean of 2.95 gestations, and a mean BMI of 25.37kg/m2. Ultrasound assessment after the intervention indicated a statistically significant reduction (p-value < 0.005) in the caliber of the parauterine vessels, with mean diameters of 6.34 mm on the right and 7.26 mm on the left before the procedure and 4.37 mm and 4.56 mm respectively afterwards. Conclusions: Foam sclerotherapy reduced the caliber of pelvic varicose veins in the study sample. The results were similar to those of other endovascular treatment methods for this comorbidity. Further prospective studies to assess the response to this intervention are necessary to establish it as an effective option for treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome.