Review-Immunosensors for the Detection of Ovarian Cancer Tumor Marker Human Epididymal Protein 4

Human epididymal protein (HE4) is the most sensitive and specific tumor marker of ovarian cancer (OC). Therefore, it is necessary to achieve sensitive and selective determination of HE4 in humans. Due to the high sensitivity and fast response of the electrochemical method, the main research method for HE4 detection is still electrochemical method. Here we review recent research progress of electrochemical (EC), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), optical (OP), and photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunobiosensors for OC tumor marker HE4 detection. Because of the special physical and chemical properties of carbon nanomaterials, precious metal nanomaterials and quantum dots, they are widely used in immunosensors design. Exploring new nanocomposites to improve electrode performance is a research direction to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of sensors in the future. The advantages and limitations of the above four sensors and the future development direction of HE4 immunosensors are reviewed and discussed. The research progress of HE4 immunosensors in recent years is reviewed from four types of immunobiosensors: EC, ECL, OP and PEC.The advantages of EC, ECL, OP and PEC sensors are compared and analyzed.This review provides good guidance for the continued development of immunobiosensors for detecting the tumor marker HE4.