Radiographic graft changes following maxillary sinus floor augmentation with autogenous bone compared with composite grafts: a one-year single-blind randomized controlled trial

This study evaluated radiographic graft changes following maxillary sinus floor augmentation with (A) autogenous bone, (B) 1:1 autogenous bone and deproteinized porcine bone mineral, or (C) 1:1 autogenous bone and biphasic bone graft material. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to groups A, B, and C (20 in each). CBCT scans were obtained at enrolment, after surgery (T1), after prosthetic rehabilitation (T2), and 1 year after implant loading (T3). Significant decreases in graft volume (3D) and graft height (2D) from T1 to T3 were observed in all groups (P P < 0.05). However, at T2 and T3, graft volume was significantly higher in group B than in groups A and C (P P < 0.05), and graft height was significantly higher in group B than in group A (P P < 0.05). Bone density increased significantly from T1 to T2 in all groups (P P < 0.001). However, bone density was significantly higher in group B than in groups A and C, at T2 and T3 (P P < 0.05). No significant correlation between graft volume or height and implant protrusion length or residual bone height was found. In conclusion, 1:1 autogenous bone and porcine bone resulted in significantly higher graft volume, height, and bone density when compared with autogenous bone or a 1:1 ratio of autogenous bone and biphasic bone. However the higher graft volume, height, and bone density did not appear to lead to improved outcomes at 1 year of functional loading when compared to the other groups.