Evaluating osteopontin as a biomarker of obesity related complications before and after metabolic and bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background/Objectives: Obesity is a major public health concern, significantly elevating the risk of developing comorbid conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardio-vascular diseases, while also shortening life expectancy. Currently, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is one of the most effective long-term interventions for achieving substantial weight loss, alongside notable improvements in overall quality of life. However, evidence suggests that these procedures may negatively affect bone health, leading to an increased risk of fractures. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the role of Osteopontin (OPN) as a potential biomarker for predicting both persistent inflammation and bone deterioration following MBS. Methods: A comprehensive search of scientific databases including PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase (OVID), and Web of Science, covering literature up to January 31, 2024, identified 6 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. For the meta-analysis, data from 5 studies measuring circulating OPN levels pre- and post-surgery were pooled. Results: The combined analysis revealed a significant increase in OPN levels after MBS compared to baseline (OR: 24.56; 95 % CI: 13.30-35.81; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that OPN may serve as a valuable biomarker for monitoring inflammation and assessing the risk of bone-related complications in patients following MBS.