Reimagining health security: Developing a conceptual framework for the Philippines

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted global vulnerabilities to emergencies, with the Philippines facing significant challenges as hospitals reached capacity, routine health services were disrupted, and health workers demanded better working conditions. Ranking 57th in the 2021 Global Health Security Index, the Philippines' susceptibility to natural hazards and health crises underscores the urgent need for a robust health security framework. This study developed a conceptual framework to guide health security strategies, policies, and capacity-building efforts, harmonizing the national health security agenda and outlining stakeholder actions through an iterative process involving the review of 78 policies and consultations with 21 stakeholders. The framework is founded on four core principles intrinsic to Filipino identity: Bayanihan (multisectorality), Kalusugan Pangkalahatan (equity and universal health care), Magkakaugnay na Sistema (interoperability), and Pananagutan (accountability). It prescribes six strategic actions: ensuring the accessibility and sustainability of resources, adopting a community-centered approach, enhancing knowledge and information sharing, fostering partnerships and collaboration, establishing a robust implementation system and integrated service delivery network, and strengthening governance. This framework aims to fortify the Philippine health system, making it more resilient and equitable in facing current and future health threats. It calls for active engagement from all stakeholders in implementing these strategies, contributing to a healthier and more secure nation.