A non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor based on zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide (ZnO/rGO) nanocomposite for effective detection of urea

Monitoring urea levels is essential for detecting water and soil pollution and diagnosing urea cycle disorderrelated diseases. The present study addresses the need for an efficient, accurate, and cost-effective detection method by developing an electrochemical sensor using ZnO/rGO nanocomposites. The sensor's performance is evaluated through cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry, with different weight ratios of ZnO and rGO (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3). The results show that the ZnO/rGO (1:1) nanocomposite modified electrode exhibits remarkable sensitivity (850.15 mu A(-1) mM(-1) cm(-2)), a low limit of detection (0.07 mu M), excellent selectivity, and long-term stability for urea detection. Developed sensor leverages the advantages of electrochemical sensing, including simplicity, rapid response, high sensitivity, and good selectivity, making it a promising solution for environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics.