Weight loss as a predictor of reduced survival in patients with lung cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis

BackgroundThe impact of weight loss on survival outcomes remains challenging in patients with lung cancer. The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to assess the association of weight loss with survival outcomes in these patients.MethodsTwo authors conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to January 15, 2024. Observational studies that assessed the weight loss as a prognostic factor of overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with lung cancer were included this analysis. Weight loss defined by at least 5% loss of total body weight over 2 months.ResultsFifteen studies involving 14,540 patients with lung cancer were included. Pooled adjusted hazard ratios (HR) indicated that weight loss was associated with reduced overall survival (HR 1.65; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.43-1.91) and progression-free survival (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.15-1.71). Subgroup analysis showed that weight loss significantly predicted overall survival, regardless of study design, lung cancer subtypes, clinical stage of cancer, weight loss definition, or length of follow-up.ConclusionsWeight loss is a significant predictor of overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with lung cancer. Weight monitoring has potential to improve prognostication of survival outcomes for these patients.