Functional, Physical and Psychosocial Impacts of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Temporomandibular Disorders-A Comparative Study

Background/Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), determine the effects of different influencing factors, and identify the most affected dimensions among the Saudi Arabian population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 individuals visiting the Department of Oral Medicine at the Dental University Hospital (DUH), King Saud University. Participants were equally categorized into two groups: TMD and controls. The diagnosis was based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMDs). OHRQoL was assessed using the OHIP-TMD scale. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate regression models to evaluate the association between TMD and OHRQoL. Results: The study population consisted of 72.7% females, with 91.8% holding a degree and 81.8% being married. TMD patients showed significantly lower OHRQoL scores in all domains (p <= 0.05), with the most pronounced impairments observed in terms of physical pain and psychological discomfort (p = 0.000). Marital status was a significant predictor of OHRQoL (p = 0.02; OR = 0.277), whereas gender and education showed no significant associations. Conclusions: TMD is significantly associated with impaired OHRQoL, particularly in the domains of physical pain and psychological discomfort. Marital status emerged as a significant demographic factor influencing OHRQoL. Given the cross-sectional nature of this study, the findings highlight associations rather than causation. Future longitudinal studies are recommended to establish causal relationships and further investigate the biopsychosocial impact of TMD on quality of life.