Eco-friendly synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs) from aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis L. (Veld grape): Characterization and pharmaceutical evaluation

In the present study, an aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis L. was used to synthesize Iron Oxide Nano- particles (IO-NPs) from anhydrous ferric chloride. The synthesized IO-NPs were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, UV-visible, PSA, Zeta potential, SEM, and EDX techniques. The images of SEM represent the spherical morphology of most of the IO-NPs, except for a few cubic ones, and the results of XRD-PSA showed the average size as 113.8 nm. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Cissus quadrangularis L. mediated IO-NPs showed the highest percent inhibition of 75.65+0.0027 and 76.48+0.0027, respectively at 250 mu g/ml, with IC50 162.55 and 148.40 mu g/ml. Similarly, at 100 mu g/ml concentration, in-vitro COX-2 activity was 61.75+0.0066 as the highest percent inhibition by Cissus quadrangularis L. mediated IO-NPs. In contrast, the standard drug Diclofenac sodium recorded 88.14+0.0058. The prepared materials were also investigated for their cytotoxicity and anticancer potential in L929 and MDAMB-231 cell lines respectively and both were responded to in a concentration-dependent manner. In the present study, our experimental results showed, that synthesized IO-NPs have strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agents, and they can be used in different biological applications.