A Review of Key Technologies for Green and Low-Carbon Future Buildings in China

Green and low-carbon transformation has become a global development theme. This paper provides a systematic survey of the literature related to key technologies for green and low-carbon future buildings, including the green design method system of low-carbon future buildings; the low-carbon future buildings construction system and green building materials; the low-carbon future buildings energy system; the low-carbon intelligent operation of buildings and carbon emission control in the operation stage; and the low-carbon future buildings assessment system. This paper analyzes and summarizes the whole chain of "carbon monitoring-carbon accounting-carbon assessment-carbon control" of the whole life cycle of buildings. We systematically surveyed the development overview and the latest development trend of scientific and technological innovation; the existing starting level of science and technology; and the existing intellectual property, competition, and industrialization prospects in each stage of the whole life cycle. We conducted an overall analysis of the characteristics, thematic context, and knowledge evolution of low-carbon future building-related research, both domestically and internationally; referring to the relevant standards and specifications for new types of buildings, such as green buildings, a preliminary theoretical framework for low-carbon future buildings is constructed from the perspective of the entire life cycle.