Analysis of the Qualitative Parameters of Mobile Laser Scanning for the Creation of Cartographic Works and 3D Models for Digital Twins of Urban Areas

This article focuses on the assessment of point clouds obtained by various laser scanning methods as a tool for 3D mapping and Digital Twin concepts. The presented research employed terrestrial and mobile laser scanning methods to obtain high-precision spatial data, enabling efficient spatial documentation of urban structures and infrastructure. As a reference method, static terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was chosen. Mobile laser scanning (MLS) data obtained by devices such as Lidaretto, the Stonex X120GO laser scanning device, and an iPhone 13 Pro with an Emlid scanning kit and GNSS antenna Reach RX were evaluated. Analyses based on comparing methods of classification, differences in individual objects, detail/density, and noise were performed. The results confirm the high accuracy of the methods and their ability to support the development of digital twins and smart solutions that enhance the efficiency of infrastructure management and planning.