Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Intensive Care Units: A Comparison of Pre-Pandemic and COVID-19 Periods

被引：0
作者：
Hlinkova, Sona [1 ,2 ]
Moraucikova, Eva [1 ,3 ]
Strzelecka, Agnieszka [4 ]
Mrazova, Mariana [5 ]
Littva, Vladimir [1 ]
机构：
[1] Catholic Univ Ruzomberok, Fac Hlth, Namestie Andreja Hlinku 48, Ruzomberok 03401, Slovakia
[2] Cent Mil Hosp SNP Ruzomberok FN, Ul Gen Milosa Vesela 21, Ruzomberok 03426, Slovakia
[3] Tomas Bata Univ Zlin, Fac Humanities, Stefanikova 5670, Zlin 76001, Czech Republic
[4] Jan Kochanowski Univ Kielce, Fac Hlth Sci, Coll Med, Al 9 Wiekow Kielc 19A, PL-25317 Kielce, Poland
[5] St Elisabeth Univ Bratislava, Inst Healthcare Disciplines, Namestie 1 Maja 1, Bratislava 81001, Slovakia
来源：
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE | 2025年 / 14卷 / 03期
关键词：
ventilator-associated pneumonia; risk factors; COVID-19; healthcare-associated infection; surveillance; epidemiology; SAFETY NETWORK REPORT; INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; OUTCOMES;
D O I：
10.3390/jcm14031000
中图分类号：
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号：
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要：
Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the burden of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care units (ICUs) globally. However, epidemiological data on VAP in Slovak ICUs, particularly in the context of the pandemic, remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, microbial profiles, and risk factors of VAP in Slovak ICU settings, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A retrospective analysis of VAP data was conducted for respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) patients in a Slovak university hospital, comparing data from the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The CDC/NHSN definitions for VAP were applied, and statistical analyses were performed using STATISTICA 13.1. Results: A total of 803 patients were analyzed, representing 8385 bed days and 5836 mechanical ventilator days. VAP rates increased significantly during the pandemic by 111%, from 8.46 to 17.86 events per 1000 MV days (p < 0.001). VAP rates in non-COVID-19 patients increased by 86% during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels. Pandemic conditions also increased ICU mortality from 25.66% to 40.52% (p < 0.001). VAP was identified as a critical determinant of ICU mortality, contributing to a 21.62% higher mortality rate among patients during the pandemic. Younger age, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and medical (vs. surgical) hospitalizations were associated with higher VAP incidence. Gram-negative bacteria dominated the pathogen profiles, with significant increases observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (183%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (150%), and Acinetobacter spp. (100%). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the incidence and epidemiology of VAP in Slovak ICUs, highlighting systemic vulnerabilities in HAI surveillance and IPC practices.
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页数：14
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