A novel depth-averaged model of landslide over erodible bed using (b, s) coordinates

A novel model of landslides over erodible beds is developed using the nonlinear shallow water equations (NSWE). In the model, the (b, s) coordinates, which follow the global coordinate with the z-axis vertically, are used and the debris surface from the reference line (s) is used as a variable rather than the conventional debris depth in terms of conveniences. The erodible beds are employed in the model by including the erosion rate in the bottom boundary condition. A hybrid finite volume-finite difference scheme is applied to discretize the set of governing equations. The present simulations are compared with experimental data and other numerical simulations to figure out the advantage of this model. Finally, the two case studies of Sindonga and Raemian landslides at Umyeon mountain in the year 2011 are simulated for real applications.