Formulation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of combined 70% ethanolic of Begonia medicinalis herbs and Moringa oleifera leaves

Background: Benalu batu (Begonia medicinalis) and kelor leaves (Moringa oleifera) are empirically used as alternative therapies by people in Central Sulawesi to maintain their health. Our previous research showed that the combination of these two plant extracts possessed an immunomodulatory activity. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) formulation was performed to improve the extract's bioavailability, solubility and stability. Objective: This study aims to formulate and characterise SNEDDS preparations of combined ethanolic extract of B. medicinalis herbs and M. oleifera leaves and further test its stability. Method: SNEDDS formulation was started by screening for proper oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant. The formula was then optimised using a ternary phase diagram and characterisation. The stability test was performed using centrifugation, heating-cooling, and freeze-thaw cycles. Results: The optimal SNEDDS formula consists of isopropyl myristate (10%), tween 80 (50%) and propylene glycol (40%). The characterisation values obtained were: Transmittance value 83.785 +/- 0.275%, particle size 18.666 +/- 0.208 nm, polydispersity index 0.664 +/- 0.0085, and zeta potential 39.20 +/- 0.2 mV. The formula was stable during three stability evaluation tests. Conclusion: The optimal formula met the SNEDDS characteristics requirements and showed good stability.