The Basics of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Neonatal jaundice is a common condition affecting four out of five healthy characterized by the yellowing of the skin due to elevated bilirubin levels. This known as hyperbilirubinemia, is typically benign and transient when properly but may progress to severe complications such as kernicterus-a permanent condition-if untreated. Newborns are particularly susceptible to jaundice due to red blood cell turnover, immature liver enzymes, and delayed stooling patterns. measures during pregnancy, such as maternal blood typing and Rh immunoglobulin administration, can mitigate the risk of hemolytic conditions leading to jaundice. detection through bilirubin screening and prompt treatment, including phototherapy, critical to preventing neurotoxicity. Recent updates to the American Academy of guidelines emphasize higher thresholds for intervention, stratified by gestational risk factors. Effective management relies on thorough assessment, parental education, close postdischarge follow-up. Understanding the pathophysiology, risk factors, and protocols enables health care providers to optimize outcomes and prevent long-term in affected infants. This article will provide an overview of neonatal jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia, focusing on its pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, and the treatment guidelines. The aim is to provide this guidance to support the bedside nursing practice.