Tracking technical change: Past, present and future

被引:0
作者
Alexopoulos, Michelle [1 ]
Cohen, Jon [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Toronto, Dept Econ, Toronto, ON, Canada
来源
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D ECONOMIQUE | 2024年 / 57卷 / 04期
关键词
GENERAL-PURPOSE TECHNOLOGY;
D O I
10.1111/caje.12749
中图分类号
F [经济];
学科分类号
02 ;
摘要
Productivity growth in many countries has remained low for several years. Whether new technologies can reverse the trend depends on the scope of their impact and scale of their adoption-two dimensions of technical change that are historically difficult to measure. Here, we elaborate on the materials and methods presented in Alexopoulos's presidential address at the 2024 Canadian Economics Association meeting. Specifically, we discuss how applying natural language processing and text mining to library collections and cataloguing materials can help: (i) identify new technologies as they come to market and (ii) track their uses and spread over time. We further describe how our insights can be used to uncover general purpose technologies and macro-innovations in both the past and the present. An application to current data suggests that AI and robotics are responsible for an increasing share of recent technical change. Moreover, they resemble past early-stage general purpose technologies and thus do promise a reversal in productivity trends as their adoption increases. Going forward, our new methods should be especially useful to economists and policy-makers who need to track future development and adoption of key technologies-especially during periods of rapid innovation. Suivi des changements technologiques : pass & eacute;, pr & eacute;sent et avenir. Dans de nombreux pays, la croissance de la productivit & eacute; est rest & eacute;e faible pendant plusieurs ann & eacute;es. Les nouvelles technologies peuvent-elles inverser la tendance? Tout d & eacute;pend de la port & eacute;e de leur incidence et de l'ampleur de leur adoption, deux aspects du changement technologique qui sont historiquement difficiles & agrave; mesurer. Nous d & eacute;taillons ici les m & eacute;thodes et le mat & eacute;riel pr & eacute;sent & eacute;s dans le discours pr & eacute;sidentiel de M. Alexopoulos lors de la rencontre annuelle 2024 de l'Association canadienne d'& eacute;conomique. Plus pr & eacute;cis & eacute;ment, nous examinons l'utilit & eacute; de l'application du traitement automatique du langage naturel (TALN) et de l'exploration de texte aux collections des biblioth & egrave;ques et au catalogage des documents pour : (i) cerner les nouvelles technologies & agrave; mesure de leur mise en march & eacute; et (ii) suivre leur utilisation et leur adoption au fil du temps. Nous d & eacute;crivons ensuite la fa & ccedil;on d'utiliser nos constatations pour d & eacute;couvrir des technologies polyvalentes et des macro-innovations dans le pass & eacute; et le pr & eacute;sent. Une application aux donn & eacute;es actuelles sugg & egrave;re que l'IA et la robotique sont responsables d'une part croissante des changements technologiques r & eacute;cents. De plus, elles ressemblent aux premi & egrave;res technologies polyvalentes du pass & eacute; et promettent donc un renversement des tendances en mati & egrave;re de productivit & eacute; parall & egrave;lement & agrave; l'augmentation de leur adoption. & Agrave; l'avenir, nos nouvelles m & eacute;thodes devraient & ecirc;tre particuli & egrave;rement utiles aux & eacute;conomistes et aux d & eacute;cideurs politiques qui ont besoin de suivre l'& eacute;volution et l'adoption de technologies cl & eacute;s, surtout pendant les p & eacute;riodes d'innovation rapide.
引用
收藏
页码:1047 / 1087
页数:41
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