A Survey and Framework for Education in the Metaverse

The rapid advancement of technology is reshaping education, and the metaverse stands at the forefront of this transformation. Beyond its roots in gaming and entertainment, the metaverse is poised to revolutionize how we learn by creating immersive, interactive, and personalized educational environments. However, despite its potential, a comprehensive framework for integrating the metaverse into education remains absent. This study conducts a systematic literature review to analyze and categorize existing research on education in the metaverse. The review follows a PRISMA-based methodology, utilizing Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases for data collection. Studies were analyzed to identify trends, goals, and types of metaverse technologies explored. Building on this review, this paper proposes a Meta-education framework that addresses the interconnected roles of learners, instructors, and institutions in metaverse-driven education systems. The framework highlights how the metaverse enhances learner engagement, supports innovative teaching strategies, and enables institutional scalability. This study concludes that while the metaverse holds great potential to revolutionize education, significant challenges remain, including content development, instructor readiness, and integration of AI technologies. The proposed framework provides practical guidelines for future research and offers implications for educators, policymakers, and researchers aiming to create inclusive, sustainable, and transformative learning environments.