Case Report and Literature Review of "Treatment Failure" of Aspergillus Infection Secondary to Influenza a Virus

Purpose: Increased clinical manifestations combined with increased lung imaging findings during antifungal therapy are often misjudged as failure of antifungal therapy, and should be vigilant against immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Case: We describes a case of invasive pulmonary Aspergillus infection after Influenza A Virus (IAV). After active antifungal therapy, the patient's clinical symptoms continued to worsen, imaging lesions continued to progress, laboratory indicators improved, and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was considered. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics and treatment process of this case were summarized, and related literature search was carried out, in order to provide a new perspective for the treatment failure of fungal infection in the future, and to avoid the random change of antifungal drugs, which may lead to the increase of drug resistance.