Extracellular Vesicle-Based Strategies for Tumor Immunotherapy

被引:0
作者
Jiramonai, Luksika [1 ,2 ]
Liang, Xing-Jie [1 ,2 ]
Zhu, Mengliang [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Ctr Excellence Nanosci, Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol China, Key Lab Biomed Effects Nanomat & Nanosafety, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China
[2] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
immunotherapy; extracellular vesicles; tumor microenvironment; immune evasion; immune checkpoint inhibitors; METASTATIC NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA; SUPPRESSOR-CELLS; OPEN-LABEL; T-CELLS; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; MYELOID CELLS; ARGINASE-I; TGF-BETA; EXOSOMES; ANTIGEN;
D O I
10.3390/pharmaceutics17020257
中图分类号
R9 [药学];
学科分类号
1007 ;
摘要
Immunotherapy is one of the most promising approaches for cancer management, as it utilizes the intrinsic immune response to target cancer cells. Normally, the human body uses its immune system as a defense mechanism to detect and eliminate foreign objects, including cancer cells. However, cancers develop a 'switch off' mechanism, known as immune checkpoint proteins, to evade immune surveillance and suppress immune activation. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to develop the strategies for stimulating immune responses against cancers. Among these, the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to enhance the anti-tumor immune response has emerged as a particularly promising approach in cancer management. EVs possess several unique properties that elevate the potency in modulating immune responses. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in this field, focusing on the strategic usage of EVs to overcome tumor-induced immune tolerance. We discuss the biogenesis and characteristics of EVs, as well as their potential applications in medical contexts. The immune mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment and the strategies employed by cancers to evade immune detection are explored. The roles of EVs in regulating the tumor microenvironment and enhancing immune responses for immunotherapy are also highlighted. Additionally, this article addresses the challenges and future directions for the development of EV-based nanomedicine approaches, aiming to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes with greater precision and efficacy while minimizing off-target effects.
引用
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页数:32
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