A Novel Hybrid MPPT Algorithm Based on super twisting sliding mode and whale optimization algorithm for PEMFC Systems

The main objective of this work is to develop an improved approach for monitoring the maximum power point (MPPT) in hydrogen production systems (PEMFC) using super twisting sliding mode based on whale optimization algorithm. The suggested strategy can track the MPP in adverse conditions such as severe temperature and pressure variations. Additionally, this method improves effectiveness and lessens the effect of shattering. The effectiveness of the suggested algorithm is tested under various operational settings and compared to three other algorithms: Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), fuzzy logic (FL), and perturbation and observation technique (P&O). The simulation findings demonstrate that the suggested controller for MPPT of PEMFC outperforms previous techniques regarding rapid response, minimal oscillations, and slight overshoot and undershoot.