Jasminum humile extract mitigates carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats by modulating inflammatory and antioxidant signalling pathways

BackgroundJasminum humile is widely used in traditional medicines to treat hard lumps, mouth inflammation, ringworms, and other infections. Leaf decoction of the plant is known to be effective in treating various skin conditions. In addition, root juice is traditionally utilized as a remedy for ringworm infections. Studies have reported that J. humile contains various antioxidant metabolites with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, J. humile chloroform extract (JHC) was investigated for anti-inflammatory effects against carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rat models.MethodsHigh-performance liquid chromatography was used to examine phenolic compounds present in JHC. The in-vivo anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using carrageenan-induced paw oedema rat models, while indomethacin was referred to as positive control. Therapeutic properties of JHC were examined by assessing paw volumes, motility score, and inflammatory proteins in serum. The anti-inflammatory nature of JHC was further investigated by biochemical and hematological profiles along with genetic expression of inflammatory and antioxidant genes through qRT-PCR analysis.ResultsIndomethacin at 10 mg/kg and JHC at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg doses decreased the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) while upregulating the concentration of albumin and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Moreover, JHC administration reduced the expression levels of inflammatory markers, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) compared to the Carr-treated control. However, a significant rise was induced in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) levels after JHC treatment as compared to Carr-treated rats.ConclusionThese results showed significant anti-inflammatory potential of J. humile by increasing the activity levels of enzymatic antioxidants and lowering inflammatory markers. These results confirm the beneficial use of natural plants in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.