The Evolution of Income Stratification by Social Class and Gender: Evidence from Spain (2006-2019)

This study addresses income stratification by social class and gender in Spain's working class population from 2006 to 2019. Zhou's (2012) S Index measures the level of stratification by groups, determining whether social class and gender affect income distribution. Data were provided by the Living Conditions Survey of the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. The following main results were found: the link between social class and income persists; following the crisis, a reduction took place in income stratification based on gender, and greater polarization of income occurs in the female group. As a main contribution to the field of study, this work relies on an income stratification index in contrast to the classic inequality studies.