The Efficacy of Deep Brain Stimulation in the Treatment of Essential Tremor: A Systematic Review

BackgroundEssential Tremor (ET) poses a significant challenge as a neurological disorder characterised by postural or kinetic tremors, impacting various facets of patients' lives. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), developed in the 1990s, stands out as a revolutionary therapeutic approach, demonstrating promise in addressing ET. This systematic review explores the efficacy of DBS in treating ET.MethodsAdhering to PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review employed a comprehensive search strategy across databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria encompassed randomised controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and cohort studies evaluating DBS efficacy in ET. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using Newcastle-Ottawa and ROB 2 scales. A narrative synthesis of findings followed PRISMA guidelines.ResultsThe review identified 33 studies meeting inclusion criteria, covering various study designs, including clinical trials, RCTs, interventional, cohort, and observational studies. VIM DBS and Thalamic DBS dominated the investigations, aligning with historical preferences. The efficacy of DBS in reducing tremors, improving daily activities, and enhancing physiological functions was consistently observed across studies. Safety considerations highlighted adverse DBS-related events, with variations based on the targeted brain region. Limitations acknowledged the heterogeneity of studies, urging standardisation for future research.ConclusionDBS emerges as a promising intervention for ET, demonstrating consistent efficacy in reducing tremors and improving quality of life. Safety considerations underscore the need for personalised medicine in DBS administration.