Awareness and infection prevention practices of hepatitis B virus among informal caregivers in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024: a cross-sectional study

Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant global health challenge, leading to approximately 1.1 million deaths annually. Informal caregivers of HBV patients face an increased risk of exposure, yet there is limited research on their awareness and infection prevention practices. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and practices regarding HBV among informal caregivers in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2024. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 15 to July 15, 2024, involving 422 informal caregivers selected through a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires that were pretested. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with logistic regression identifying factors influencing awareness and practices, set at p < 0.05. Results Out of 414 surveyed caregivers (response rate: 98.1%), the mean age was 34.31 years (+/- 12), with 63% female and 47.6% single. Only 24.9% (95% CI: 20.7-29.1%) showed good awareness, and merely 11.6% (95% CI: 8.5-14.7%) demonstrated good practices. Key factors associated with good awareness included caregivers' positive attitudes [AOR,2.54; 95% CI (1.4-4.72)], patient functional levels [AOR, 1.9; 95% CI (1.03-3.5)], and good practice [AOR, 4.2;95% CI (1.9-9.01)]. Good practices were linked to higher education levels [AOR, 4.84; 95% CI (1.22-11.1)], [AOR, 5.3; 95% CI (1.53-13.3)], acute disease status of the patient [AOR, 3.6; 95% CI (1.8-8.9)], positive attitude [AOR, 4.37; 95% CI (1.95-10.21)], and good awareness [AOR,3.1; 95% CI (1.4-6.7)]. Conclusions The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve awareness and practices of informal caregivers regarding hepatitis B infection prevention in Addis Ababa. We recommend the development of tailored educational programs and accessible resources to address caregivers' specific needs, with an emphasis on hepatitis B prevention. Policymakers should prioritize frameworks that support and actively involve caregivers in patient care. Regular evaluations of caregiver knowledge and practices are essential to ensure that interventions are effective and remain responsive to emerging needs.