Contamination level and ecological risk assessment of selected heavy metals in surface water and sediments from Mudi River, Blantyre, Malawi

被引：0

作者：

Vunain E. ^{[1
]}

Kadammanja S.R. ^{[1
]}

Namoto M. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] University of Malawi, Zomba

[2] Forestry Research Institute of Malawi, Zomba

来源：

International Journal of Energy and Water Resources | 2024年 / 8卷 / 4期

关键词：

Ecological risk assessment; Heavy metals; Mudi River; Pollution indices; Sediments;

D O I：

10.1007/s42108-024-00277-0

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

This present study was conducted to assess the pollution level of the Mudi River based on the metal concentrations deposited in the surface river sediment using different pollution indices during the dry and wet seasons. A total of twelve (12) sediments and twelve (12) water samples, making twenty-four (24) samples, were collected from the Mudi River at twelve (12) different sites within the river during the dry season in 2021 and the wet season in 2022 randomly. Overall, the concentration of heavy metals in the surface water and sediments was low. The results showed that during the dry season, the average concentration of heavy metals in the surface water of the Mudi River was Fe = 2.08 mg/L, Zn = 0.108 mg/L, Cu = 0.015 mg/L, Pb = 0.011 mg/L, and Cd = 0.005 mg/L, while that of Cr was below the detection limit (< 0.006). During the wet season, the concentration of the studied heavy metals in the surface water was below detection limits. The average concentration of heavy metals in the sediments of the Mudi River was Fe = 33.67 mg/kg, Zn = 2.34 mg/kg, Pb = 2.23 mg/kg, Cu = 1 mg/kg, Cr = 0.7 mg/kg, and Cd =.1 mg/kg during the dry season. During the wet season, a high concentration of Fe (28 mg/kg), followed by Zn (0.318 mg/kg), Pb (0.097 mg/kg), and Cu (0.030 mg/kg), was detected in the sediment samples. Both contamination factor (CF) and degree of contamination (Cd) values indicated less contamination during both seasons. The enrichment factor (EF) values varied among the metals during both seasons. On average, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values indicated that the river sediments were uncontaminated to moderately contaminated during both seasons. The potential ecological risk index (RI) indicated low ecological risk in the sediments and to the environment. The study recommends that more intensive sampling and analysis, including sampling of sediment from different depths, different sections of the river, and more special locations, be carried out. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of Environmentalists (IRSEN) and Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University 2024.

引用

页码：521 / 543

页数：22

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