Principles of wound ballistics and their clinical implications in firearm injuries

IntroductionBallistics is the science that studies the trajectory, range, and effects of projectiles. Knowledge of the principles of wound ballistics is of particular importance to the surgeon because they allow the optimization of the diagnosis and treatment of those injured by firearms. This review focuses on the updated knowledge of wound ballistics as it pertains to the diagnosis and treatment of gunshot wounds.MethodsA literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. The search was limited to observational articles pertaining to wound ballistics and its relationship to patient management in English and Spanish published between January 2014 and March 2024. Studies about weapon design, patients with lethal injuries, experimental, forensic, historical studies, and those reports on pediatric population were excluded.ResultsEleven articles from twenty-eight publications meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed.ConclusionsThe understanding of wound ballistics enhances the ability to identify potential injuries and to optimize the treatment of gunshot wounds in adults.