Effect of geraniol on cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels in a rat hepatic ischemia/reperfusion model

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the protective effects of geraniol (GER) on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats by assessing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels. MethodsRats were divided into seven groups: sham, I/R with 1 or 6 h of reperfusion, and I/R treated with GER (50 or 100 mg/kg) before 1 or 6 h of reperfusion. Serum liver enzymes were measured to assess liver function, while mRNA and protein levels of IL-6, IL-10, COX-2, and iNOS were analyzed using qRT-PCR and ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. ResultsGER treatment significantly reduced serum aminotransferase levels, histological damage, and inflammatory markers. In the I/R group, COX-2 and iNOS levels were significantly elevated compared to the sham group. GER administration markedly decreased IL-6, IL-10, COX-2, and iNOS levels compared to the I/R group. Histopathological analysis revealed increased vascularization and necrosis in the untreated I/R group, which were attenuated by GER at both doses. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that GER's anti-inflammatory properties contribute to its hepatoprotective effects in I/R injury by reducing COX-2 and iNOS expression. GER shows promise as a therapeutic agent for managing hepatic I/R injury, warranting further clinical investigation.