Diagnostic delays of periodontitis and associated factors: a cross-sectional study

Objectives This study aimed to investigate total diagnostic delay (TDD) in periodontitis and identify the factors associated with it. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 145 newly examined and diagnosed periodontitis patients were recruited. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data on demographics, symptom onset, duration of diagnostic delay(s), and potential associated factors. Multiple regression analysis and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyse the impact of various factors on the timing of diagnosis delay. Results TDD averaged 59.3 +/- 70.2 months, with a median of 36 months. Patient delay accounted for 74.4% of the cases, which was attributed to misconceptions about symptoms and reliance on self-medication. Professional delay accounted for 25% of the cases, with a significantly longer median delay (36 months) than patient delay (24 months) (p < 0.05). Factors predicting longer TDD included older age, multiple dentist visits, and the presence of calculus. The use of home remedies was associated with a longer TDD, whereas smoking and gingival swelling were associated with a significantly shorter TDD (P < 0.05). Conclusion This first-of-its-kind study identified significant diagnostic delays in periodontitis, one of the most common oral diseases, underscoring critical gaps in patient education and care. Age, frequency of dental visits, and misconceptions regarding calculus contribute to these delays. Clinical relevance Delayed diagnosis of periodontitis has significant implications, leading to extensive oral damage and eventual tooth loss, which compromises oral function, aesthetics, and quality of life. Addressing these delays through comprehensive public health strategies and improving dental training in periodontology can significantly improve oral and systemic health outcomes, reduce economic burdens, and contribute to the overall well-being of the population.