Public archives play an important role in our society by identifying, assessing and preserving documentary
material of long-term value, ensuring accountability of government and other organizations. Privacy and
data protection are most important reasons to limit access to these archives. Many documents in public
archives contain sensitive information about individuals, making data protection a primary concern that
limits access to recent archive holdings. This creates a conflict between the need for transparency and
accountability and legal obligations to protect personal data. There are still uncertainties regarding
the practical implementation of the GDPR on the ground. In this article we explore the perspectives of
different interest groups and discuss how an appropriate balance of rights and interests can be realized.