Postoperative pain after parotid surgery-comparison between superficial/total parotidectomy and extracapsular dissection: a prospective observational study

Purpose: To evaluate postoperative pain and discomfort after parotid surgery with regard to different surgical approaches. Methods: This clinical study was carried out at a single tertiary referral center (2021-2022) and included 2 groups of adult patients (mean age 56.6 +/- 12.7 vs. 53.4 +/- 14.1 years) following elective parotid surgery due to a parotid tumor of any entity. The first group (SP/TP group) consisted of 31 patients after superficial parotidectomy (SP) or total parotidectomy (TP) (n = 31). The second group (ECD group) included all patients who had undergone extracapsular dissection (ECD) (n = 51). Primary endpoints comprised pain on ambulation as well as maximum and minimum pain (NRS 0-10) on the first three postoperative days (PODs). A neuropathic pain component (evaluated on POD 1 and 3), the analgesic score (collected from the patient file on POD 1-3), treatment-related side-effects/pain-associated impairments, and patient satisfaction (all measured on the 1st POD) were defined as secondary endpoints.Patients were surveyed using the standardized and validated "Quality Improvement in Postoperative Pain Treatment" (QUIPS) questionnaire and the painDETECT (R) questionnaire. Comparisons were performed using independent t tests, Wilcoxon tests, and chi(2) tests, and the respective effect sizes were calculated. Results: Looking at the first postoperative day, patients of both groups (SP/TP vs. ECD) reported comparable pain on ambulation (2.8 +/- 2.0 vs. 2.6 +/- 1.8; p = 0.628, r = 0.063), maximum (3.5 +/- 2.2 vs. 3.5 +/- 2.3; p = 0.992, r = 0.002) and minimum pain (1.1 +/- 1.04 vs. 1.0 +/- 1.2; p = 0.206, r = 0.157). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in pain-related restrictions or pain medication requirement. The patients in both groups were equally satisfied with their pain therapy (p = 0.282, R = 0.135). The sum score of the painDETECT (R) questionnaire delivered clearly negative (< 12) results on average (POD1: 6.81; POD3: 6.59); no significant difference between the groups was found (p = 0.991, R-2 < .001). Conclusion: Neither surgical technique on the parotid gland was significantly superior to the other in terms of postoperative pain perception. Overall, postoperative pain can be classified as mild to moderate following parotid surgery. A neuropathic pain component could be excluded for the acute postoperative phase.