Experimental Evaluation of Remote Sensing–Based Climate Change Prediction Using Enhanced Deep Learning Strategy

Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of our time, with far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, economies, and human societies. Accurate prediction of climate change patterns is crucial for developing effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. Remote sensing data, with its ability to provide comprehensive and continuous observations of the Earth’s surface, plays a vital role in monitoring and predicting these changes. However, the complexity and high dimensionality of remote sensing data present significant challenges for traditional predictive models. In this study, we present an Enhanced Deep Learning Strategy for climate change prediction using remote sensing data, integrating a Cascaded Inception-LGBM model. The proposed model combines the feature extraction capabilities of the Inception module with the predictive power of the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM). The methodology was evaluated on various climate variables, including temperature, precipitation, and CO2 levels, achieving an accuracy of 97.22%. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art models demonstrated the superior performance of our approach, particularly in terms of RMSE, MAE, and R2 metrics. Robustness tests further confirmed the model’s generalization capabilities under different data conditions. This study underscores the potential of advanced deep learning techniques in enhancing climate change prediction accuracy and offers insights into the key drivers of climate variability. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.