Formulation and Characterization of Mangiferin Loaded Niosomes for Oral Delivery

The bioactive compound (BC), Mangiferin, has multiple benefits. However due to its low solubility, lower bioavailability, and increased probability of degradation, the use of pure BC is comparatively less. This work deals with the improvement of oral absorption of mangiferin by formulation of mangiferin-loaded niosomes. Box Behnken design using Design Expert Software V13 was used for the optimization of the batch. For the formulated mangiferin niosomes, concentration of surfactant, lipid and hydration time were selected as independent variables to evaluate the particle size and entrapment efficiency as dependent variables. Additionally, the zeta potential of the niosomes was assessed using a zetasizer, and in vitro drug release was assessed using the diffusion bag method. Mangiferin niosomes particle size was found to be in the range of 545–982 nm with improved polydispersibility index. The percent entrapment efficiency of mangiferin-loaded niosomes was observed to be within the range of 84–91%. The % Cumulative drug release of mangiferin was found to be 80% in 24 h. in intestinal fluid. The optimized batch was evaluated for antioxidant assay and antimicrobial activity against E coli. Both antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of mangiferin were found to increase in niosomal form. The mangiferin-loaded niosomes were found effective against E coli. Thus, niosomal mangiferin will prove to be a better candidate for oral delivery. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The National Academy of Sciences, India 2024.