Interpretation and classification of FBN1 variants associated with Marfan syndrome: consensus recommendations from the Clinical Genome Resource's FBN1 variant curation expert panel

BackgroundIn 2015, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) developed standardized variant curation guidelines for Mendelian disorders. Although these guidelines have been widely adopted, they are not gene- or disease-specific. To mitigate classification discrepancies, the Clinical Genome Resource FBN1 variant curation expert panel (VCEP) was established in 2018 to develop adaptations to the ACMG/AMP criteria for FBN1 in association with Marfan syndrome.MethodsThe specific recommendations were developed through literature review, surveys, online expert panel discussions, and pilot testing of a set of 60 different variants. Consensus among experts was considered reached if at least 75% of the members agreed with a given rule specification. The final set of rules received approval from the ClinGen Sequence Variant Interpretation Working Group.ResultsThe developed specifications introduce modifications to 14 of the 28 ACMG/AMP evidence criteria and deem 6 criteria non-applicable. Some of these specifications include refining the minor allele frequency thresholds, creating a FBN1-specific flowchart for PVS1, defining functional domains of the protein, developing a point-based system of counting probands and instances of de novo occurrences, recommending a points-based method of accounting for family segregation data, and clarifying the applicable functional assays that should be considered. To date, this VCEP has curated 120 variants which have been deposited to ClinVar with the 3-star review status.ConclusionsEstablishing specific adaptations for FBN1 has provided a framework to foster greater classification concordance among clinical laboratories, ultimately improving clinical care for patients with Marfan syndrome.