Features of Metabolism and Its Regulation in the Dynamics of Experimental Models of Metabolic Disorders

Changes in the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, adipokines, and growth factors during the development of metabolic disorders were studied in three mouse models: C57BL/6 (alimentary obesity), db/db (leptin-resistant obesity), and NOD (diabetes mellitus) lines. In the group of alimentary obesity, moderate fatty infiltration of the liver and hypertrophy of the adipose tissue, hyperglycemia, and increased concentrations of adiponectin, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), leptin, and cholesterol were detected. In the group of leptin-resistant obesity, multiple pathological changes in tissues, severe hyperglycemia and hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, and reduced concentrations of triglycerides, adiponectin, myostatin, and TGF-beta 1 were detected. In NOD mice, reduced number of insulin-positive beta cells, hyperinsulinemia, and a decrease in adiponectin, TGF-beta 1, leptin, and myostatin concentrations were detected.