Biodiversity impacts of the 2019-2020 Australian megafires

被引：10

作者：

Driscoll, Don A. ^{[1
]}

Macdonald, Kristina J. ^{[1
]}

Gibson, Rebecca K. ^{[2
]}

Doherty, Tim S. ^{[3
,4
]}

Nimmo, Dale G. ^{[5
]}

Nolan, Rachael H. ^{[6
]}

Ritchie, Euan G. ^{[1
]}

Williamson, Grant J. ^{[7
]}

Heard, Geoffrey W. ^{[8
,9
,10
]}

Tasker, Elizabeth M. ^{[11
]}

Bilney, Rohan ^{[12
]}

Porch, Nick ^{[1
]}

Collett, Rachael A. ^{[1
]}

Crates, Ross A. ^{[10
]}

Hewitt, Alison C. ^{[6
]}

Pendall, Elise ^{[6
]}

Boer, Matthias M. ^{[6
]}

Gates, Jody ^{[13
]}

Boulton, Rebecca L. ^{[14
]}

Mclean, Christopher M. ^{[15
]}

Groffen, Heidi ^{[16
]}

Maisey, Alex C. ^{[17
]}

Beranek, Chad T. ^{[18
]}

Ryan, Shelby A. ^{[18
]}

Callen, Alex ^{[18
]}

Hamer, Andrew J. ^{[18
,19
]}

Stauber, Andrew ^{[18
]}

Daly, Garry J. ^{[20
]}

Gould, John ^{[18
]}

Klop-Toker, Kaya L. ^{[18
]}

Mahony, Michael J. ^{[18
]}

Kelly, Oliver W. ^{[18
]}

Wallace, Samantha L. ^{[18
]}

Stock, Sarah E. ^{[18
]}

Weston, Christopher J. ^{[21
]}

Volkova, Liubov ^{[21
]}

Black, Dennis ^{[17
]}

Gibb, Heloise ^{[17
]}

Grubb, Joshua J. ^{[17
]}

McGeoch, Melodie A. ^{[17
]}

Murphy, Nick P. ^{[17
]}

Lee, Joshua S. ^{[6
,22
]}

Dickman, Chris R. ^{[3
]}

Neldner, Victor J. ^{[23
]}

Ngugi, Michael R. ^{[23
]}

Miritis, Vivianna ^{[3
]}

Kohler, Frank ^{[24
]}

Perri, Marc ^{[25
]}

Denham, Andrew J. ^{[11
,26
]}

Mackenzie, Berin D. E. ^{[11
]}

机构：

[1] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Burwood, Vic, Australia

[2] NSW Dept Climate Change Energy Environm & Water, Sci & Insights, Alstonville, NSW, Australia

[3] Univ Sydney, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[4] WA Dept Biodivers Conservat & Attract, Biodivers & Conservat Sci, Woodvale, WA, Australia

[5] Charles Sturt Univ, Gulbali Inst, Albury, NSW, Australia

[6] Western Sydney Univ, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW, Australia

[7] Univ Tasmania, Sch Nat Sci, Hobart, Tas, Australia

[8] Univ Queensland, Terr Ecosyst Res Network, Indooroopily, Qld, Australia

[9] Univ Queensland, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Sci, Indooroopily, Qld, Australia

[10] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT, Australia

[11] NSW Dept Climate Change Energy Environm & Water, Sci & Insights, Parramatta, NSW, Australia

[12] Forestry Corp New South Wales, Eden, NSW, Australia

[13] SA Dept Environm & Water, Adelaide, SA, Australia

[14] Univ Adelaide, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia

[15] Cent Coast Council, Wyong, NSW, Australia

[16] Kangaroo Isl Land Wildlife Assoc, Kingscote, SA, Australia

[17] La Trobe Univ, Sch Agr Biomedicine & Environm, Ctr Future Landscapes, Bundoora, Vic, Australia

[18] Univ Newcastle, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Callaghan, NSW, Australia

[19] HUN REN Ctr Ecol Res, Natl Multidisciplinary Lab Climate Change, Budapest, Hungary

[20] Gaia Res PL, North Nowra, NSW, Australia

[21] Univ Melbourne, Sch Agr Food & Ecosyst Sci, Creswick, Vic, Australia

[22] Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Kensington, NSW, Australia

[23] Queensland Herbarium & Biodivers Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

[24] Australian Museum, Australian Museum Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[25] VIC Dept Energy Environm & Climate Act, Orbost, Vic, Australia

[26] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Environm Risk Management Bushfires, Sch Earth Atmospher & Life Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia

[27] NSW Dept Climate Change Energy Environm & Water, Natl Pk & Wildlife Serv, Parramatta, NSW, Australia

[28] Univ New England, Sch Environm & Rural Sci, Armidale, NSW, Australia

[29] Queen Victoria Museum & Art Gallery, Launceston, Tas, Australia

[30] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO USA

[31] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Life Sci, Ultimo, NSW, Australia

[32] NSW Dept Climate Change Energy Environm & Water, Biodivers & Conservat Div, Wollongong, NSW, Australia

[33] Bavarian Forest Natl Pk, Conservat & Res, Grafenau, Germany

[34] Museums Victoria Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

[35] Victorian Dept Energy Environm & Climate Act, Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia

[36] Pk Victoria, Sci & Effectiveness, Bairnsdale, Vic, Australia

[37] Univ Melbourne, Sch Agr Food & Ecosyst Sci, Richmond, Vic, Australia

[38] WA Dept Biodivers Conservat & Attract, Biodivers & Conservat Sci, Kensington, NSW, Australia

[39] WA Dept Biodivers Conservat & Attract, Biodivers & Conservat Sci, Albany, WA, Australia

[40] WA Dept Biodivers Conservat & Attract, Pk & Wildlife Serv, South Coast Reg, Albany, WA, Australia

[41] ACT Govt, Environm Planning & Sustainable Dev Directorate, Off Nat Conservat, Canberra, ACT, Australia

[42] Bush Heritage Australia, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

[43] NSW Dept Climate Change Energy Environm & Water, Sci & Insights, Newcastle West, NSW, Australia

[44] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Acton, ACT, Australia

[45] Univ Sunshine Coast, Detect Dogs Conservat, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia

[46] NSW Dept Climate Change Energy Environm & Water, Forest Sci, Parramatta, NSW, Australia

[47] Kangaroo Isl Landscape Board, Kingscote, SA, Australia

[48] NSW Dept Climate Change Energy Environm & Water, Natl Pk & Wildlife Serv, Katoomba, NSW, Australia

[49] Birdlife Australia, Carlton, Vic, Australia

[50] NSW Dept Climate Change Energy Environm & Water, Queanbeyan, NSW, Australia

来源：

NATURE | 2024年 / 635卷 / 8040期

关键词：

FIRE SEVERITY; RESPONSES; FOREST; METAANALYSIS;

D O I：

10.1038/s41586-024-08174-6

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

With large wildfires becoming more frequent(1,2), we must rapidly learn how megafires impact biodiversity to prioritize mitigation and improve policy. A key challenge is to discover how interactions among fire-regime components, drought and land tenure shape wildfire impacts. The globally unprecedented(3,4) 2019-2020 Australian megafires burnt more than 10 million hectares(5), prompting major investment in biodiversity monitoring. Collated data include responses of more than 2,000 taxa, providing an unparalleled opportunity to quantify how megafires affect biodiversity. We reveal that the largest effects on plants and animals were in areas with frequent or recent past fires and within extensively burnt areas. Areas burnt at high severity, outside protected areas or under extreme drought also had larger effects. The effects included declines and increases after fire, with the largest responses in rainforests and by mammals. Our results implicate species interactions, dispersal and extent of in situ survival as mechanisms underlying fire responses. Building wildfire resilience into these ecosystems depends on reducing fire recurrence, including with rapid wildfire suppression in areas frequently burnt. Defending wet ecosystems, expanding protected areas and considering localized drought could also contribute. While these countermeasures can help mitigate the impacts of more frequent megafires, reversing anthropogenic climate change remains the urgent broad-scale solution.

引用

页码：898 / +

页数：29

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