Risk factors for in-hospital venous thromboembolism in patients with bladder cancer: A retrospective single-center study

Objective In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the incidence of and risk factors for in-hospital venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with bladder cancer and explored measures to reduce the incidence of and/or prevent in-hospital VTE and mortality. Methods The clinical data of 5744 patients with bladder cancer who were admitted to the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University during a 5-year period were summarized and then analyzed to determine the risk factors for in-hospital VTE in patients with bladder cancer with the aim of identifying preventive measures. Results Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between the VTE group and the non-VTE group in terms of age, sex, Caprini score, surgical treatment status, tumor stage, D-dimer level, PT, APTT, and Hb (P < 0.05). Multiple factor analysis further confirmed that the Caprini score, surgical treatment status, D-dimer level, PT, and APTT were independent risk factors for VTE. Conclusion Analyses revealed that a high Caprini score, surgical treatment, an elevated D-dimer level, a short PT, and a short APTT were independent risk factors for in-hospital VTE in patients with bladder cancer and that active preventive measures should be implemented to reduce the incidence of in-hospital VTE as well as mortality.