BackgroundAcross sub-Saharan Africa, adolescents face the triple tragedy: unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortion, and sexually transmitted infections including HIV due to various reasons, among them, poor parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health. Effective interventions such as improving parent-adolescent communication has been recognized as a protective factor for adolescent sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Research shows that parent-adolescent communication is associated with reduced adolescent engagement in risky sexual behaviours, including early sexual initiation, lower rates of teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and increased self-efficacy in decision making. Despite the potential role of parent-adolescent communication in promoting optimal adolescent sexual and reproductive health, limited research evidence exists on interventions to improve parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health in sub-Saharan African countries. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the role of parent-adolescent communication intervention programs in improving sexual and reproductive health outcomes.MethodsWe will pool evidence from published literature from January 1990 up to and including February 2024 from multiple databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, African Journals Online, JSTOR, Directory of Open Access Journals, and Google Scholar. Articles published in the English language will be included. Two reviewers will conduct screening for titles, abstracts, and full texts, while a third reviewer will arbitrate in cases of lack of concurrence. Experimental, quasi-experimental and observational study designs will be included.. A data extraction tool based on Microsoft Excel will be used to extract data items from different studies. We will focus on the following outcomes: initiation of sexual activity, use of condoms and contraceptives, reduced risky sexual behaviours such as unprotected sex, and lower rates of teenage pregnancy. When feasible, articles will be combined for statistical meta-analysis. Effect sizes, either reported as weighted mean differences for continuous data or as odds ratios for binary data, will be presented as proportions with 95% confidence intervals. We will use the random effects model to meta-analyse the include studies as we expect considerable variability across study designs. This will provide an average effect size that accounts for variability of results within studies. Sensitivity analysis will also be conducted to assess the robustness of the findings or conclusions of the meta-analysis. The review findings will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.DiscussionThis review provides insights into parent-based intervention programs that have been implemented in sub-Saharan African countries to improve adolescent sexual and reproductive health via promotion of parent-adolescent sexuality communication. The findings will guide further research on this issue as well as inform policy makers on which interventions have a potential effect in improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health.Protocol Registration Number: CRD42024525191 (PROSPERO), Date of registration: 27/03/2024.DiscussionThis review provides insights into parent-based intervention programs that have been implemented in sub-Saharan African countries to improve adolescent sexual and reproductive health via promotion of parent-adolescent sexuality communication. The findings will guide further research on this issue as well as inform policy makers on which interventions have a potential effect in improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health.Protocol Registration Number: CRD42024525191 (PROSPERO), Date of registration: 27/03/2024. When parents and their adolescent children have open discussions on sexual and reproductive health, this can lead to improved sexual and reproductive health for adolescents. Studies have shown that when this communication is clear and open, it can reduce the chances of adolescents being involved in unsafe sexual activities such as being involved in sexual activity while too young, and it can also increase adolescents' use of condoms and contraceptives to avoid teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections and increase their confidence in decision making. While open discussions between adolescents and their parents can improve sexual and reproductive health for adolescents, it is not clear what parent-based interventions can assist adolescents to achieve the best sexual and reproductive health outcomes. This study will review all published studies that have addressed this topic and determine which programs have shown better results in improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health via the promotion of effective f communication between parents and their adolescent children.
