Silica-Coated Gold Nanorods (AuNR@SiO2): Synthesis, Properties and Applications in Biomedicine and Beyond

Silica-coated gold nanorods (AuNR@SiO2) represent a breakthrough in nanotechnology, merging the distinctive optical and electronic properties of gold nanorods with the enhanced biocompatibility and stability provided by a silica shell. This review comprehensively examines advanced synthesis techniques that allow for specific control over the size, shape, and coating thickness of these nanostructures. The unique properties of silica-coated AuNRs facilitate diverse applications in the field of biomedical science, e.g., targeted drug delivery, bioimaging, photothermal therapy, and biosensing. Additionally, their utility extends beyond biomedicine to areas such as catalysis, environmental monitoring, and energy storage. Despite the significant advancements, challenges such as synthesis scalability, long-term biocompatibility, targeted delivery efficiency, and regulatory approvals persist. Addressing these challenges through innovative research and interdisciplinary collaboration will be crucial. As these efforts progress, silica-coated AuNRs hold the promise of significantly advancing both scientific research and practical applications, driving forward innovations across various fields.