In order to improve the recycling efficiency of waste ceramic powder, aiming at the poor frost resistance of recycled concrete, the effect of ceramic powder on the freeze-thaw resistance of recycled concrete under different substitution rates was studied. Six groups of mixtures with ceramic powder substitution rates of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% were designed. Before the test, based on the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the porosity distribution, porosity and permeability of each group of specimens were calculated, and the relationship between porosity and permeability of recycled concrete with ceramic powder was established by using MATLAB. After each freeze-thaw cycle, the mass loss rate and relative dynamic modulus of each group of specimens were measured. Based on Palmgren theory, the reliability calculation model of freeze-thaw damage is established, and the residual life of each group of specimens is predicted. The results show that the dynamic modulus of elasticity decreases, the mass loss rate increases first and then decreases. When the replacement rate of ceramic powder is 20%, the porosity and permeability of recycled concrete with ceramic powder are the smallest, and the freeze-thaw cycle resistance is the strongest. In addition, the reliability calculation model of freeze-thaw damage based on Palmgren model has high reliability, which can directly reflect the relationship between the reliability of recycled ceramic powder concrete and freeze-thaw cycle, and has good applicability in practical application. © 2020, Materials Review Magazine. All right reserved.