Effects of key physiological parameters on cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis risk in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

The essential cause of menopause is ovarian failure, which can cause decline in sex hormones (especially estrogen) that can increase the risk of metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. This study screened 1511 eligible patients from 2148 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, measuring various physiological and biochemical indicators to analyze differences among age groups (40-44, 45-49, and 50-54 years) with laboratory techniques. The study found no significant difference in the incidence of cardiovascular disease betweenperimenopausal and postmenopausal women. But the incidence of osteoporosis was higher in postmenopausal women and was associated with age (p < 0.05). Additionally, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E-2), total cholesterol (TC), lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) (T1), right femoral BMD (T2) and femoral neck BMD were significantly correlated in both groups. Significant differences were observed in FSH, LH, E-2, TC, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), L2-L4, T-1, femoral neck reduction and T-2 among women in different age groups. Correlation analysis indicated that age increased the risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis in bothperimenopausal and postmenopausal women. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis in perimenopausal and menopausal women.