Chromium oxide nanoparticles as a modifier of carbon paste electrode for cyclic voltametric assessment of paracetamol in medicinal sample

The development of novel electrochemical sensors has attracted significant interest in detecting pharmaceutical compounds with high sensitivity and selectivity. Chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr2O3 NPs) are promising materials for modifying carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) due to their excellent electrochemical properties and conductivity. The Cr2O3 NPs were synthesized by the combustion method using, chromium (III) nitrate and glycine at 350 degrees C. The microstructure of the Cr2O3 NPs was examined using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The phase composition of the NPs was established using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Raman Spectroscopy focused on the crystallinity of the NPs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) gives the elemental composition. The surface structure of the bare carbon paste electrode (BCPE), was modified with a Chromium oxide composite carbon paste electrode (CrCCPE), and then by the immobilization process of the addition of Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) on the electrode fabricated as CTAB modified Cr2O3 composite carbon paste electrode (CT-MCrCCPE) are confirmed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The properties of the modified electrode (CT-MCrCCPE) were investigated for the detection of paracetamol (PA) in a phosphate buffer (PBS) at 6.5 pH using cyclic voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The diffusion control process was confirmed by the variation in scan rate (SR), and DPV analysis showed good detection limit (DL) and quantification limit (QL) found as 0.322 mu M and 1.076 mu M. PA detection showed selectivity even with interfering ions and achieved 95.37-99.33% accuracy in real sample analysis. CT-MCrCCPE reveals high catalytic activity, sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility for paracetamol detection.