Superior linear and nonlinear optical performance for optoelectronic applications: the role of TiO2 in V2O5 films

Titanium oxide-doped vanadium pentoxide (TVPO) films were by the dip-coating method in different TiO2 ratios. The Predominant of xTiO2-100 - x V2O5 as a substitutional solid solution was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). In addition, the optical properties including the transmittance, absorbance, and reflectance, were investigated via double-beam UV-VIS spectrophotometers. Depending on the Optical data, Urbach band tail energy, the refractive index, parameters of dispersion energy using the Wemple and DiDomenico (WDD) single-oscillator model, nonlinear refractive index, and first and third optical susceptibilities were also estimated. It was concluded that the doped V2O5 films revealed a 2.2 eV smaller optical band gap than the pure V2O5 which is around 2.4 eV, suggesting a variety of optical applications. The effects of TiO2 doping on Linear and Nonlinear (NLO) parameters have been considered. It was found that the Higher-order refractive index and TiO2 concentration are correlated; as the concentration rises, so does the n(2) value. In comparison, the value rose to 1.65 x 10-10 esu for the highest concentration of 4% TiO2/V2O5 films from 1.31 x 10-10 esu for the smallest concentration of 0% TiO2/V2O5 films. The current study shows that TiO2 doping has a substantial impact on the optical and structural properties of V2O5 films, which makes them attractive materials for a variety of applications, such as optoelectronic devices and nonlinear optical applications.