Effect of Rare Earth Gd3+ Doping on the Structural, Magnetic and Optical Properties Co-Cd Spinel Nanoferrites

The utilization of nanoferrites generated by the citrate-gel auto combustion process, with the chemical formula Co0.4Cd0.6GdxFe2 -xO4 (x = 0 to 0.025 in an interval of 0.005) is the main subject of this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD), including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize and analyse the spinel-shaped nanoparticles in cubic form. It is established that the lattice parameter a increases from 8.332 to 8.605 angstrom for crystallites with sizes ranging from 21.124 to 29.121 nm. The particles appear to be homogeneous, equally dispersed, and agglomerated based on the SEM pictures. The absorption peaks at 432.5 and 581.1 cm(-1) were found from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements for these nanoferrites. We evaluated the materials retentivity value, magnetization, coercivity, and hysteresis loops using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), which provided insightful information about its characteristics. The grain boundary mechanism was primarily responsible for the conduction observed in the current ferrites. Higher coercivity nanoferrites are employed as abiding magnets in a variety of pertain, including magnetic phenomenon devices, more sensitive magnetic sensors, and data-density-boosting magnetic recording heads.