Pharmaceutical Potential of Jellyfish Derived Bioactive Compounds: Classification and Their Mechanism of Action

Jellyfish, a fascinating and varied group of gelatinous marine organisms, have garnered recent attention in the scientific community for their potential as rich sources of bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic implications. Characterized by bell-shaped bodies and trailing tentacles equipped with stinging cells known as "cnidocytes," jellyfish navigate the oceans with unique mechanisms for delivering toxins through organelles called nematocysts. Within the Cnidaria phylum, jellyfish span various subclasses, including cubozoans, scyphozoans, hydrozoans, and staurozoans. These captivating organisms boast a myriad of bioactive compounds, demonstrating considerable therapeutic potential. Among their notable effects are anti-inflammatory properties, anti-cancer potentials, immunomodulatory capabilities, and anti-oxidant activities. These bioactive compounds operate through diverse mechanisms, showcasing versatility in their therapeutic applications. Few compounds hint at potential treatments for inflammatory conditions, while others may interfere with cancer cell growth. Additionally, these compounds exhibit properties associated with anti-aging and antioxidation effects. Furthermore, they display promise in immunomodulation by influencing immune system activities. This review delves into the exploration of various bioactive compounds derived from different species of jellyfish, shedding light on their diverse therapeutic applications. The unique characteristics and mechanisms of action of these compounds are also discussed, presenting exciting avenues for further research and development in medicine and biotechnology.