Phase-transited lysozyme coating on zirconia abutments for enhancing soft tissue seal and antibacterial activity

Zirconia abutments lacking intrinsic antibacterial properties and exhibiting inadequate sealing at the zirconia abutments-soft tissue interface may cause peri-implantitis, ultimately leading to implant failure. Simultaneously improving the soft tissue seal while integrating the antibacterial properties of zirconia abutments presents significant challenges. A phase-transited lysozyme (PTL) coating was successfully constructed on zirconia abutments to enhance soft tissue attachment and antibacterial properties, aiming to safeguard peri-implant soft tissue from infection. The PTL coated zirconia abutments boosted protein synthesis and gene expression, and facilitated the proliferation and adhesion of fibroblasts and epithelial cells. The PTL coating exhibited significant antibacterial properties against the primary pathogens associated with peri-implantitis, specifically Staphylococcus aureus and Porphyromonas gingivalis. In a rabbit immediate implantation model, a firmer gingival junctional epithelium formed around PTL-coated zirconia abutments in comparison to unmodified abutments, thereby establishing a strong soft tissue barrier against pathogen invasion. The dual-function phase-transited lysozyme coating on zirconia abutments enhances soft tissue sealing and exhibits antibacterial properties, offering a practical approach to preventing peri-implantitis.