Primary giant liposarcoma of the gallbladder: a case report and literature review

Background Liposarcoma of the gallbladder is an exceptionally rare malignancy originating from adipose tissue. Its rarity and diagnostic challenges make this case noteworthy. Liposa rcomas exhibit diverse histological subtypes, each with distinct biological behaviors, and there is limited consensus on optimal treatment approaches. This report emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis, effective therapeutic strategies, and detailed analysis of clinical outcomes in managing such rare cases. Case Presentation A 35-year-old woman presented with a two-month history of a palpable abdominal mass accompanied by mild bloating. She reported no significant discomfort, systemic symptoms, or changes in bowel habits. Imaging revealed a large abdominal mass displacing adjacent organs. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested a mixed-signal lesion originating from the gallbladder, and laboratory tests showed elevated inflammatory markers. The patient underwent successful surgical excision of the mass and cholecystectomy. Pathological examination confirmed a well-differentiated liposarcoma closely associated with the gallbladder. Immunohistochemistry indicated positivity for CDK4, MDM2, P16, S-100, and CD34, with a low proliferation index (Ki-67 similar to 10%). Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient showed significant improvement. Long-term management, including genetic testing and follow-up, was planned to monitor recurrence risk and explore potential targeted therapies. Conclusions This case underscores the importance of considering rare malignancies like liposarcoma of the gallbladder in the differential diagnosis of abdominal masses. Early diagnosis through imaging and histopathological confirmation is crucial for optimal management. Complete surgical excision remains the cornerstone of treatment, particularly for well-differentiated subtypes, which generally have favorable prognoses. The findings highlight the need for multidisciplinary care and further research into genetic and molecular mechanisms to guide future targeted treatments.