Surveys on Physical Based Methods for State of Charge, State of Health and Fault Detection on a Li-Ion Battery

The quest for efficient and reliable energy storage systems has driven significant advancements in the field of physical-based methods for State-of-Charge and State-of-Health assessment of batteries. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of these methods, leveraging fundamental principles of physics and materials science to unveil the intricate dynamics within battery systems. Covering techniques like Coulomb counting, Open Circuit Voltage analysis, Peukert's equation, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography, and cutting-edge imaging approaches such as X-ray Diffraction and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, this review elucidates the principles, instrumentation, and applications of each method. Moreover, it delves into recent breakthroughs that enhance their accuracy and applicability. These physical-based methods not only empower battery management systems but also hold the key to advancing electric vehicles, renewable energy solutions, and a sustainable energy future.