Impact of various combinations of phytohormones on the in vitro cultivation of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam microshoots and calli

This study aimed to produce a premium herbal plant called Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. that is continually gathered for medical uses. Under cover of darkness, seeds were sowed on sterile, moist filter paper. Nodal parts obtained from microshoots were first grown on a murashige and skoog (MS) medium free of hormones before being transferred into another MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BA (6-benzyladenine), KIN (6-furfurylaminopurin), and 2iP (6- (gamma,gamma, dimethylallylamino) - purine) in conjunction with 0.1 mg/L 1-Naphthalenacetic acid (NAA). The medium with 0.5 mg/L BA had the maximum shoot multiplication, with the number of shoots (5.60 +/- 0.87), whereas the media containing 1.5 mg/L KIN had the highest shoot length (9.60 +/- 0.36 cm) and number of leaves/explant (22.00 +/- 0.65). Young leaves that had been separated from the microshoots were utilized as explants to induce calli. Different concentrations of BA, KIN, and TDZ (Thiadiazuron) were evaluated for callus multiplication together with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D. On a medium containing 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D in addition to 1.0 mg/L each of BA, KIN, and TDZ and 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, the greatest callus growth was seen. However, in terms of overall callus multiplication, 1.0 mg/L BA in light conditions was the best. This research is a significant step toward mass-producing Ammi visnaga for further applications.